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.lof-num{min-width:8em;padding-inline-end:.5em}ol.tufte-lof .lof-where{margin-left:1em;font-style:italic;font-size:1.1rem}ol.tufte-lof a{text-decoration:none}ol.tufte-lof a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.tufte-index{column-count:3;column-gap:2rem;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.5}.index-list,.index-list ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;width:auto;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.index-list li{padding-inline-start:2em;text-indent:-2em;margin-top:0;break-inside:avoid}.index-list ul{margin-inline-start:-2em}.index-list ul li{padding-inline-start:3em}.index-list li.index-gap{margin-top:1.5em}.index-list a{text-decoration:none}.index-list a:hover{text-decoration:underline}section.footnotes{clear:both;padding-top:0}hr.footnotes-sep{width:22%;margin:2.8rem 0 .8rem;border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--tufte-rule,#ccc)}ol.footnotes-list{box-sizing:content-box;width:50%;margin:0 0 1.4rem;padding-left:5%;-webkit-padding-start:5%;padding-inline-start:5%;font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.4}ol.footnotes-list>li.footnote-item{position:relative;margin-top:.4rem;scroll-margin-top:1.5rem}ol.footnotes-list>li::marker{font-variant-numeric:lining-nums}ol.footnotes-list>li[data-mark]{list-style:none}ol.footnotes-list>li[data-mark]::before{content:attr(data-mark);position:absolute;right:100%;margin-right:.5em;font-variant-numeric:lining-nums;white-space:nowrap}html[dir=rtl] ol.footnotes-list>li[data-mark]::before{right:auto;left:100%;margin-right:0;margin-left:.5em}@media screen{html[dir=rtl] ol.footnotes-list{padding-left:0}}ol.footnotes-list p,ol.footnotes-list ul,ol.footnotes-list ol,ol.footnotes-list dl{width:auto;margin:0 0 .4rem;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}ol.footnotes-list li>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}ol.footnotes-list .math-display,ol.footnotes-list div.table-wrapper,ol.footnotes-list div.highlight>pre,ol.footnotes-list pre>code{width:auto;max-width:100%;margin-left:0}:is(.margin-block,ol.footnotes-list) blockquote :is(p,footer),:is(.margin-block,ol.footnotes-list) blockquote:not(.alert)>:is(.math-display,div.table-wrapper,ul,ol,dl),:is(.margin-block,ol.footnotes-list) blockquote:not(.alert)>div.highlight>:is(pre,div){width:auto;max-width:100%;margin-left:0;--pw:inherit;--pl:inherit}sup.footnote-ref{font-size:.75em;line-height:0;vertical-align:super;font-variant-numeric:lining-nums;scroll-margin-top:1.5rem}sup.footnote-sep{font-size:.75em;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}sup.footnote-ref>a,a.footnote-ref{text-decoration:none;padding:0 .05em}sup.footnote-ref>a:hover,a.footnote-ref:hover{text-decoration:underline}a.footnote-backref:link,a.footnote-backref:visited{margin-left:.25em;font-family:var(--tufte-sans,"Gill Sans","Gill Sans MT",Calibri,sans-serif);font-size:.9em;color:var(--tufte-muted,#595959);text-decoration:none}a.footnote-backref:hover{color:var(--tufte-fg,#111)}li.footnote-item:target,sup.footnote-ref:target{background-color:var(--tufte-mark,#fff1a8);color:inherit;border-radius:2px}li.footnote-item:target{outline:.3rem solid var(--tufte-mark,#fff1a8)}:is(blockquote,details,div.fullwidth){--tufte-nest:0px}:is(li,dd)>:is(ul,ol):not(nav *,.toc *,.tufte-index *,.book-toc-chapters *){--tufte-nest-in:calc(var(--tufte-nest, 0px) + 40px)}:is(li,dd)>:is(ul,ol):not(nav *,.toc *,.tufte-index *,.book-toc-chapters *)>li{--tufte-nest:var(--tufte-nest-in)}:is(li,dd){--tufte-lnest:var(--tufte-nest, 0px)}@media(width > 760px),print{ol.footnotes-list .sidenote,ol.footnotes-list .marginnote,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters)>li .sidenote,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters)>li .marginnote{width:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .55);min-width:0;margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66)}}div.fullwidth>:is(ul,ol):not(.index-list){padding-inline-start:5%}@media screen and (width > 760px){section>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){width:55%;min-width:0;margin-right:-66%}section>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){width:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .55 + 1.155rem);min-width:0;margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66 - 1.386rem)}div.fullwidth>:is(p,footer) :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(div.fullwidth>section,section.fullwidth):is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(p,footer) :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),div.fullwidth>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(div.fullwidth>section,section.fullwidth):is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),div.fullwidth>.margin-block{width:30.556%;min-width:0;margin-right:2.222%}div.fullwidth>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(div.fullwidth>section,section.fullwidth):is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){width:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .32164);min-width:0;margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .02339)}div.fullwidth>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(div.fullwidth>section,section.fullwidth):is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){width:calc(30.556% + .642rem);min-width:0;margin-right:calc(2.222% + .047rem)}}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol){padding-inline-start:5%}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd{margin-inline-start:2.1rem}@media screen and (width > 760px){:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{min-width:0;width:calc(((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * 1.05263 + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * var(--tufte-ak,1) * .5);margin-right:calc(((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * 1.05263 + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px))}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{min-width:0;width:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px) + 2.1rem + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * var(--tufte-ak,1) * .5);margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px) + 2.1rem + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px))}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper),:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper){max-width:100%}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc(((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * 1.05263 + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px));margin-right:0}:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,:is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px) + 2.1rem + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px));margin-right:0}section>details>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] section>details>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){width:50%;margin-right:-60%}html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{margin-right:calc(((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * 1.05263 + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px) - (100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .05263 - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px) + 2.1rem + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px) - 2.1rem - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc(((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * 1.05263 + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px) - (100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .05263 - var(--tufte-nest,0px));margin-right:0}html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,html[dir=rtl] :is(section>details,blockquote.alert)>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px) + 2.1rem + var(--tufte-ae,0px)) * (var(--tufte-ak,1) * -.6 - var(--tufte-ar,0)) - var(--tufte-an,0px) - 2.1rem - var(--tufte-nest,0px));margin-right:0}}@media screen and (width > 760px){:is(ol.footnotes-list,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters)) li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper){max-width:100%}:is(ol.footnotes-list,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters)) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66);margin-right:0}div.fullwidth>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper){max-width:61.111%}:is(blockquote.alert,section>details)>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper){max-width:100%}section>details>.margin-block{width:50%;margin-right:-60%}:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{min-width:0;width:calc(50% + 22px);margin-right:calc(-60% - 30.4px)}:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc(-60% - 30.4px);margin-right:0}:is(section>dl>dd,:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph)>blockquote:not(.alert)>:is(ul,ol,dl)>:is(li,dd))>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper),:is(section>dl>dd,:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph)>blockquote:not(.alert)>:is(ul,ol,dl)) li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper){max-width:100%}section>dl>dd>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,section>dl>dd li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,section>dl>dd section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{width:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .55 + 1.155rem);min-width:0;margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66 - 1.386rem)}section>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,section>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66 - 1.386rem);margin-right:0}:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>:is(ul,ol) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66 - 30.4px);margin-right:0}:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,:is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.66 - 1.386rem - 30.4px);margin-right:0}div.open-epigraph>blockquote>:is(ul,ol) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .02353 - 30.4px);margin-right:0}div.open-epigraph>blockquote>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,div.open-epigraph>blockquote>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * .02353 + .049rem - 30.4px);margin-right:0}}@media screen and (width > 760px){html[dir=rtl] :is(section,div.fullwidth)>dl>dd{margin-left:0;margin-right:2.1rem}html[dir=rtl] :is(ol.footnotes-list,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters))>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote),html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.76 - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] :is(ol.footnotes-list,section>:is(ul,ol):not(.bibliography-list,.tufte-lof,.book-toc-chapters)) li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.76 - var(--tufte-nest,0px));margin-right:0}html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd li>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>figure:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.76 - 3.696rem - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote,html[dir=rtl] section>dl>dd li>figure.caption-bottom:not(.fullwidth,.iframe-wrapper)>span.marginnote{right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.76 - 3.696rem - var(--tufte-nest,0px));margin-right:0}html[dir=rtl] div.fullwidth>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *),html[dir=rtl] :is(div.fullwidth>section,section.fullwidth):is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote):not(figure *){margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.02924 - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote),html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>:is(ul,ol)>li :is(.sidenote,.marginnote),html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote),html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dt :is(.sidenote,.marginnote){margin-right:calc((100% + var(--tufte-nest,0px)) * -.76 - 30.4px - var(--tufte-nest,0px))}html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>dl>dd :is(.sidenote,.marginnote),html[dir=rtl] :is(section:not(:where(li,dd,details,div.fullwidth) *),div.epigraph:not(.open-epigraph))>blockquote:not(.alert)>section:is(.tufte-thm,.tufte-proof)>dl>dd 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